Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have recently attracted a lot of interest because of their unique structure, properties , and potential applications in a variety of industries, scientific , medical , and technological fields.
Exopolysaccharides are high molecular weight biopolymers of carbohydrates made by bacteria, and the name was used to describe them. Bacterial EPSs have a diverse structure and are secreted by a wide range of bacteria. On an industrial scale, bacterial EPSs may be produced no matter the time of year or the weather. They are easily discharged from cells into the environment as extracellular slime. As a result, their extraction from the cell-free supernatant can be done in a quite simple and cost-effective. Bacteria are known for their fast cell division, flexible metabolism, and a wide range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. It is possible to modify the yield as well as the structural and functional characteristics of bacterial EPS using techniques for improving growth conditions, genetic, and metabolic engineering. Bacterial EPS can be characterized by the presence of numerous functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and acetate, which allow bacteria to change their molecules and give them new beneficial qualities.
The importance attached to EPSs' commercial applications contitrbutes to the rapid search for new producers, their characteristics, and the production of new EPSs in order to provide unique functional materials with a variety of uses. Therefore, novel EPSs from marine and extremophilic bacteria have attracted the interest of researchers due to their potential for usage in a variety of industries, such as food, medicine, environmental protection, etc. In specific, (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus), are exp of probiotic bacteria are eye-catched regard to have that ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) which can be used in a variety of applications.
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